1. Avalanche
A large mass of snow, ice, and rock falling rapidly down a mountainside.
"Explain why an avalanche is dangerous for people living in the mountains."
2. Landslide
Soil, rocks, and mud sliding down a slope.
"Describe what happens to the trees and roads during a landslide."
3. Volcanic Eruption
Lava, ash, and gases exploding from a mountain.
"How does the sky look during a volcanic eruption? Describe the flowing lava."
4. Earthquake
Shaking or trembling of the ground, often causing cracks.
"Imagine the ground starts shaking. What are two things you should do to stay safe?"
5. Sinkhole
A sudden depression or hole in the ground caused by structural failure.
"What would happen if a sinkhole appeared in a busy city street?"
6. Wildfire
A large, destructive fire spreading through forest or brush.
"How do animals in the forest survive when a wildfire occurs?"
7. Mudslide
A torrent of mud and debris flowing down a hill, often after heavy rain.
"Why are mudslides so common after a very heavy rainstorm?"
8. Lava Flow
A stream of molten rock pouring from a volcano.
"Describe the color and temperature of a lava flow."
9. Tornado
A violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground.
"Describe the shape of a tornado and what it can do to buildings."
10. Hurricane
A massive, rotating tropical storm system with high winds and heavy rain.
"What is the difference between a normal rainstorm and a hurricane?"
11. Blizzard
A severe snowstorm with high winds and low visibility.
"Why is it impossible to drive a car during a blizzard?"
12. Thunderstorm
A storm with lightning, thunder, and heavy rain.
"Describe the sounds and lights you see during a thunderstorm."
13. Dust Storm
Strong winds carrying thick clouds of dust or sand.
"In which part of the world are dust storms most common?"
14. Hailstorm
A storm that produces small, hard balls of ice.
"What happens to crops or cars when it hails heavily?"
15. Lightning Strike
A visible, powerful flash of electricity connecting sky to ground.
"Why should you never stand under a tree during a lightning strike?"
16. Heatwave
An extended period of abnormally high temperatures and dry air.
"What do you do to keep yourself cool during a heatwave?"
17. Drought
A long period of dry weather, resulting in cracked earth and water shortages.
"How does a drought affect farmers and the food we eat?"
18. Explosion/Blast
A sudden, loud release of energy.
"What causes an explosion, and what kind of damage can it create?"
19. Shipwreck
A ship that has been destroyed or sunk at sea.
"How can a storm at sea lead to a shipwreck?"
20. Oil Spill
A release of liquid petroleum into the environment, typically covering water surfaces.
"Explain why an oil spill in the ocean is bad for marine life."
Speaking Mastery
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